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Mary Astell | |
|---|---|
| Born | 12 November 1666 Newcastle upon Tyne, England |
| Died | 11 May 1731 (aged 64) Chelsea, London, England |
| Notable work | A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, Parts I and II (1694, 1697)
Letters Concerning the Love of God (1695) Some Reflections upon Marriage (1700) The Christian Religion, As Profess’d by a Daughter of the Church of England (1705) |
| Era | Early Modern Philosophy |
Main interests | |
Mary Astell (12 November 1666 – 11 May 1731) was an English protofeminist author, philosopher, and rhetorician who advocated for equal educational opportunities for women. Astell is primarily remembered as one of England's inaugural advocates for women's rights and some commentators consider her to have been "the first English feminist".[1]
Astell's works, particularly A Serious Proposal to the Ladies and Some Reflections Upon Marriage, argue for the fundamental intellectual equality between men and women. Her philosophical writings are thought to have influenced subsequent generations of educated women, including the literary group known as the Bluestockings, whose discussions of literature, science, and philosophy often centred on issues related to women's education and equality.[2][3] Astell, who never married, formed the majority of her close personal relationships with women. During the early 1700s, she withdrew from public life and dedicated herself to planning and managing a charitable school for girls. Astell viewed herself as self-reliant and took pride in advancing her mission to rescue her gender from oppression.[4]
Despite Astell's contribution to the feminist cause, there is a notable tension in the broader body of scholarship when it comes to categorising her as the unequivocal "first English feminist". This discrepancy arises due to Astell's conflicting intellectual commitments. In addition to her belief in women's inherent intellectual potential and her thorough exploration of the perils of oppressive husbands, Mary Astell was a staunch High Tory, a conservative pamphleteer, and an advocate for the doctrine of passive obedience.[2] Even during their initial publication, her strongest political views may have seemed outdated and out of touch with the prevailing beliefs of the time. Furthermore, her emphasis on the importance of religion to female friendship and feminist thought has rankled contemporary critics of her work.[4]
- ^ Batchelor, Jennie, "Mary Astell". The Literary Encyclopedia. 21 March 2002. Accessed 6 July 2008.
- ^ a b Duran, Jane (2006). Eight Women Philosophers: Theory, Politics, and Feminism. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03022-2. JSTOR 10.5406/j.ctt1xcn4h.
- ^ Myers, Sylvia Harcstark (1990). The bluestocking circle : women, friendship, and the life of the mind in eighteenth-century England. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-811767-1. OCLC 21040567.
- ^ a b Kinnaird, Joan K. (1979). "Mary Astell and the Conservative Contribution to English Feminism". Journal of British Studies. 19 (1): 53–75. doi:10.1086/385747. ISSN 1545-6986. S2CID 161848352.